valvontatoiminnalle
Valvontatoiminnalle refers to the concept of immune surveillance, a fundamental process by which the body's immune system continuously monitors and regulates cellular and molecular changes that may signal infection, malignant transformation, or dysfunction. During surveillance, both innate and adaptive immune cells patrol tissues and lymphoid organs. Natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and later activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize abnormal cells through patterns of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, danger signals, and altered self‑antigens.
Key mechanisms involve recognition of stress‑induced ligands, viral antigens presented on MHC molecules, or expression of
Immunosurveillance plays a critical role in limiting oncogenesis. The concept of cancer immunosurveillance proposes that immune
Research continues to delineate the balance between effective immune monitoring and tolerance to avoid autoimmunity. Comparative