vaatvorming

Vaatvorming, also known as angiogenesis, is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing ones. This process is crucial for normal development, growth, and wound healing. In adults, angiogenesis is a tightly regulated process, typically occurring only in specific situations.

The formation of new blood vessels involves several stages. First, the basement membrane of existing capillaries is broken down by enzymes. Then, endothelial cells, the cells lining blood vessels, proliferate and migrate to form a sprout. This sprout extends into the surrounding tissue, guided by chemical signals. Finally, the sprout loops back to connect with another blood vessel, forming a new capillary loop.

Angiogenesis plays a vital role in various bodily functions. During embryonic development, it is essential for the formation of the vascular network that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus. In adults, it is critical for wound repair, allowing for the delivery of cells and molecules necessary for healing. It is also involved in the female reproductive cycle and the formation of the corpus luteum.

However, uncontrolled or aberrant angiogenesis can contribute to disease. In cancer, tumors secrete factors that stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, which are necessary for their growth and spread (metastasis). Conversely, insufficient angiogenesis can impair wound healing and contribute to conditions like peripheral artery disease. Therapies aimed at either inhibiting or promoting angiogenesis are being developed for various medical conditions.