vBMD

vBMD stands for volumetric bone mineral density. It is a measurement of the density of bone tissue within a specific volume. This is typically assessed using imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans. Unlike areal bone mineral density (aBMD), which is measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and represents bone density projected onto a 2D plane, vBMD considers the three-dimensional structure of bone.

vBMD is particularly valuable in understanding bone quality and strength, which are crucial for assessing fracture risk. It can differentiate between cortical bone, the dense outer layer, and trabecular bone, the spongy inner network. By analyzing the density within a specific volume of these bone types, vBMD provides a more detailed insight into the microarchitecture and material properties of bone than aBMD.

Higher vBMD generally indicates denser and potentially stronger bone. Conversely, lower vBMD can be associated with conditions like osteoporosis, where bone tissue is lost, leading to increased fragility and a higher risk of fractures. The quantitative nature of vBMD allows for precise measurements and tracking of changes in bone density over time, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment effectiveness. It is an important metric in fields such as radiology, orthopedics, and research into bone health.