vércsoportmeghatározást

Vércsoportmeghatározás, commonly translated as blood group determination, is the process of identifying an individual's blood type. This classification is crucial for safe blood transfusions and is based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells and antibodies in the plasma. The most widely used system is the ABO system, which categorizes blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. Type A blood has A antigens on red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. Type B has B antigens and anti-A antibodies. Type AB has both A and B antigens but no antibodies, making it the universal recipient for transfusions. Type O has neither A nor B antigens, but possesses both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, classifying it as the universal donor.

Another important factor in blood typing is the Rh factor, which indicates the presence or absence of the D antigen. Individuals with the D antigen are Rh-positive (Rh+), while those without it are Rh-negative (Rh-). Combining the ABO and Rh systems yields eight common blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O-. Blood group determination typically involves taking a blood sample and mixing it with specific antibodies to observe for agglutination, or clumping, which indicates the presence of corresponding antigens. This testing is a fundamental practice in healthcare to prevent potentially fatal transfusion reactions and is also used in prenatal care to manage Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus.