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Vespasian, born Titus Flavius Vespasianus, was Roman emperor from 69 to 79 AD. He was the founder of the Flavian dynasty. Vespasian came from a relatively humble background, his father being a tax collector. He distinguished himself as a military commander during the Roman invasion of Britain and later as governor of Africa.

His rise to the throne was during the tumultuous Year of the Four Emperors in 69 AD. While Emperor Nero was still alive, Vespasian was in command of Roman forces in Judea, where he was proclaimed emperor by his troops. He secured his power by defeating his rivals, securing a period of relative stability for the Roman Empire. Vespasian is known for his pragmatic approach to governance and his efforts to restore financial stability after the civil wars. He initiated significant building projects, most notably the Colosseum, which began construction during his reign. His reign also saw the continued expansion of the empire and military campaigns in Britain and the Germanic provinces. Vespasian was known for his strong sense of duty and his down-to-earth demeanor, which contrasted with the excesses of some of his predecessors. He died of natural causes in 79 AD, succeeded by his son Titus.