väriainekalvosta

Väriainekalvo, or dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), is a type of thin-film solar cell that uses organic dyes as light-harvesting materials. These cells are distinct from conventional silicon-based photovoltaic devices. The fundamental principle of a DSSC involves the adsorption of a dye molecule onto the surface of a semiconductor material, typically titanium dioxide (TiO2). When light strikes the dye molecule, it gets excited and injects an electron into the semiconductor's conduction band. This electron then travels through an external circuit, generating electricity.

The key components of a DSSC include a transparent conductive electrode, a mesoporous semiconductor layer (usually TiO2), a dye sensitizer, an electrolyte containing a redox couple (often iodide/triiodide), and a counter electrode. The electrolyte regenerates the oxidized dye molecules and transports charge carriers to the counter electrode. This process allows for a continuous cycle of light absorption and electricity generation.

Dye-sensitized solar cells offer several advantages, including relatively low manufacturing costs, flexibility, and good performance under low-light conditions. They can be produced using simpler techniques compared to traditional silicon solar cells. However, their overall energy conversion efficiency is generally lower than that of high-performance silicon cells, and stability can be a concern due to the nature of the electrolyte and dye degradation over time. Ongoing research focuses on improving efficiency and long-term durability through new dye chemistries, semiconductor materials, and electrolyte formulations.