uurinud

Uurinud is the past active participle of the Estonian verb uurima, meaning to study or investigate. It denotes a completed action performed by the subject and is used to refer to someone who has carried out studying or investigation. As a participle, it can form compound tenses with the auxiliary olema (to be) and can also function as a descriptive modifier in noun phrases or clauses.

In usage with the auxiliary olla, uurinud helps express perfect aspect: olen uurinud, oled uurinud, oleme uurinud mean “I have studied,” “you have studied,” “we have studied.” This construction signals a completed experience or a recently finished investigation and agrees with the subject in person rather than gender, as in standard Estonian grammar. Uurinud is commonly found in scientific, academic, and journalistic contexts to attribute a completed act of study to a subject.

As an attributive or in relative clauses, uurinud can describe a person or entity in terms of their past investigating actions, for example: Inimesed, keda olen uurinud, annavad uusimaid tulemusi (People whom I have studied yield new results). In such uses, the sense is that the subject has carried out studying at some point prior to the main clause.

Related forms include uuritud, the passive past participle meaning “having been studied,” used to describe data or items that were the object of study. See also Estonian grammar, participles, and the verb uurima.