utlenionych

Utlenionych is a form of the Polish adjective utleniony, meaning oxidized. It functions as a past participle used to describe substances or materials that have undergone oxidation. In everyday and scientific Polish, utlenionych appears most often in the genitive plural (and sometimes accusative plural) to agree with masculine personal or mixed-gender nouns.

Grammatical notes: utlenionych is the genitive plural form of utleniony. The corresponding nominative plural for masculine personal nouns is utlenieni, while neuter and feminine forms differ (utlenione, utleniona). The word is commonly found in technical and descriptive contexts, such as chemistry, materials science, and metallurgy, where one speaks of oxidized substances or surfaces.

Context and usage: utlenionych is frequently used to describe metals and compounds that have undergone oxidation, for example utlenionych metali (oxidized metals) or utlenionych związków chemicznych (oxidized chemical compounds). It also appears in discussions of corrosion, rust formation, or protective coatings that form when a material becomes oxidized. In food science, oxidation-related changes in substances may be described with this form when the noun is in the appropriate case (for example, utlenionych składników).

See also: utlenienie (oxidation), utleniony (oxidized; the base adjective), redox reactions and corrosion.

In summary, utlenionych is a grammatical form used to indicate that a noun, typically a material or compound, has experienced oxidation, most often appearing in genitive plural in technical Polish texts.