uricosúricos

Uricosurics are a class of medications used to lower uric acid levels in the blood. They achieve this by inhibiting the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys, thereby increasing its excretion in the urine. This mechanism is particularly useful in the management of hyperuricemia, a condition characterized by elevated uric acid levels. Hyperuricemia can lead to the formation of uric acid crystals in joints, causing a painful inflammatory condition known as gout, or in the kidneys, leading to kidney stones.

The primary indication for uricosuric therapy is gout, especially in patients who do not respond adequately to or cannot tolerate other treatments like allopurinol or febuxostat, which reduce uric acid production. Uricosurics are also sometimes used in patients with recurrent uric acid kidney stones. They are generally not recommended for individuals with impaired kidney function, as their effectiveness may be reduced and the risk of kidney stone formation could be increased.

Commonly prescribed uricosurics include probenecid and lesinurad. Lesinurad is often used in combination with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, as it primarily targets a specific transporter involved in uric acid reabsorption. Treatment with uricosurics requires careful monitoring of uric acid levels and kidney function. Potential side effects can include gastrointestinal upset, rash, and an increased risk of kidney stones, especially during the initial phase of treatment. Adequate hydration is crucial for patients taking these medications to help prevent stone formation.