unesco

UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, is a specialized agency of the United Nations headquartered in Paris. Founded in 1945 after World War II, its mandate is to advance education for all, promote scientific advancement, and preserve cultural heritage as tools for peace and human development. The organization works through programs, standards, and technical assistance across its member states to address global challenges such as literacy, inclusive education, scientific research, and protection of cultural property.

UNESCO's governance consists of the General Conference, which includes all member states, and the Executive Board, which provides guidance between sessions. The Secretariat, headed by a Director-General, implements programs and coordinates with national authorities and partner organizations. UNESCO counts 193 member states and 11 associate members, reflecting a broad international membership.

Key areas of activity include the Education for All initiative and Education for Sustainable Development, the Man and the Biosphere Programme, the Memory of the World Programme for documentary heritage, and the World Heritage Centre that manages UNESCO's World Heritage List. In culture, science, and education, UNESCO supports capacity-building, policy advice, and the safeguarding of cultural and natural heritage, while promoting freedom of expression and access to information.

Funding comes from member states and voluntary contributions from governments, private organizations, and international partners. The agency sometimes faces debates over governance, budget, and perceived politicization, but remains a principal international platform for cultural, scientific, and educational cooperation.