ujian

Ujian, in Indonesian and Malay, refers to a formal test or examination used to assess knowledge, skill, or performance. The term derives from the verb uji, meaning to test, and the suffix -an to indicate the action or result of testing. It is a general label for evaluative activities in educational and professional contexts.

In educational settings, ujian encompasses several forms, including ujian tulis (written tests), ujian lisan (oral examinations), and ujian praktik (practical exams). It also covers national or standardized assessments, which aim to measure student achievement across schools and guide education policy, graduation eligibility, or certification processes. Examinations may combine multiple formats, such as multiple-choice questions, short answers, essays, and performance tasks.

Beyond schooling, ujian is used for professional licensure and competency checks, such as driving tests, language proficiency assessments, or specialized certification exams. Results often influence progression, placement, or eligibility for a given credential, and systems typically provide retake opportunities, remediation, or alternative assessments where appropriate.

Assessment design emphasizes reliability and validity, with attention to fairness, transparency, and consistency. Institutions may offer accommodations for students with disabilities and implement measures to minimize cheating. The term ujian thus functions as a broad category for evaluative testing in Indonesia, Malaysia, and other Malay-speaking regions, spanning academic, vocational, and professional domains.