ubiquitinációt
Ubiquitination is a crucial post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells, involving the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, a small 76-amino acid protein, to a target protein. This process is highly regulated and reversible, playing a significant role in numerous cellular functions. The ubiquitination cascade is carried out by a set of enzymes known as E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin ligase). E1 activates ubiquitin, which is then transferred to an E2 enzyme. Finally, E3 ligases provide specificity by recognizing the target protein and facilitating the transfer of ubiquitin from the E2 enzyme to the substrate.
The outcome of ubiquitination depends on the type of ubiquitin chain formed and the linkage between ubiquitin
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse ubiquitination by cleaving the isopeptide bond between ubiquitin and the target protein,