ubiquitineringssignalering
Ubiquitineringssignalering is a fundamental cellular process that involves the covalent attachment of a small protein called ubiquitin to a target protein. This modification acts as a versatile signal, dictating the fate and function of the modified protein. Ubiquitination is a highly regulated process, typically carried out by a cascade of enzymes: E1 activating enzymes, E2 conjugating enzymes, and E3 ubiquitin ligases. E1 enzymes initiate the process by activating ubiquitin, which is then transferred to an E2 enzyme. E3 ligases are the key players in determining substrate specificity, recognizing and binding to target proteins and facilitating the transfer of ubiquitin from the E2 enzyme to the target.
The consequences of ubiquitination are diverse and depend on the type of ubiquitin linkage formed. Monoubiquitination,
The reversibility of ubiquitination is also crucial. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) can remove ubiquitin molecules from their