tömegátvitelt

Tömegátvitel refers to the movement of chemical species from one location to another. This movement can occur within a single phase, such as the diffusion of a solute through a solution, or across phase boundaries, like the transfer of a gas from the atmosphere into a liquid. Mass transfer is a fundamental process in many scientific and engineering disciplines, including chemical engineering, environmental science, and biology.

The driving force for mass transfer is typically a difference in concentration or chemical potential. When a concentration gradient exists, species tend to move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, a process known as diffusion. This can be described by Fick's laws of diffusion. In addition to diffusion, mass transfer can be enhanced by bulk fluid motion, which is called convection. When mass transfer occurs across a phase interface, it is often influenced by both diffusion and convection within each phase.

Common examples of mass transfer include evaporation, absorption, distillation, drying, and membrane separation processes. Understanding and quantifying mass transfer rates is crucial for designing and optimizing equipment and processes used in chemical manufacturing, water treatment, and biological systems. The study of tömegátvitel allows engineers to predict how quickly substances will move and mix, which is essential for controlling reaction rates, separating components, and ensuring product quality.