tõrjutust

Tõrjutus is an Estonian term referring to the act or state of excluding someone or something from a group, rights, opportunities, or resources. The word is commonly translated into English as exclusion, rejection, or ostracism, depending on the context. It derives from the verb tõrjuma, which means to push away, repel, or deny.

In sociology and social psychology, tõrjutus describes processes by which individuals or groups become marginalized or cut off from social networks, services, or participation in public life. This can occur through overt actions (for example, sanctions or bans) or through more subtle mechanisms (such as stigmatization, social distancing, or unequal access to resources). Examples include social ostracism in peer groups, exclusion from employment or housing opportunities, and barriers faced by minority communities in education or health care.

In administrative and legal contexts, tõrjutus can refer to the denial or refusal of a request, permit, or status—for instance, a visa denial, asylum rejection, or cancellation of eligibility for benefits. The term highlights the removal of formal inclusion rights or privileges and is often discussed in relation to human rights, equality, and social policy.

Causes of tõrjutus are typically structural and cultural, including power imbalances, discrimination, economic inequality, and policy design that disadvantages certain groups. Consequences can be wide-ranging, affecting mental health, social participation, and long-term socio-economic prospects. Policies aimed at reducing tõrjutus emphasize inclusion, anti-discrimination measures, and the creation of supportive networks and opportunities for marginalized groups.