täyttöaineilla

Täyttöaineilla, known in English as fillers, are substances added to materials to reduce cost, improve workability, or enhance specific physical properties. They are commonly incorporated into plastics, rubber, paints, coatings, adhesives, and even food products. The primary function of a filler can vary widely depending on the application.

In plastics and rubber, fillers can increase stiffness, strength, and impact resistance. They can also reduce shrinkage and improve thermal conductivity. Common examples include calcium carbonate, talc, and carbon black. For instance, calcium carbonate is often used in PVC pipes and profiles to reduce costs and improve rigidity. Carbon black is a crucial filler in tires, providing reinforcement and enhancing wear resistance.

In paints and coatings, fillers contribute to opacity, texture, and durability. They can also reduce the amount of more expensive pigments and binders needed. Common paint fillers include silica, kaolin clay, and barium sulfate. These can affect the flow properties and sheen of the paint.

In adhesives and sealants, fillers can modify rheology (flow characteristics), increase bulk, and reduce shrinkage during curing. They can also improve thermal or electrical conductivity in specialized applications.

The selection of a filler depends on its compatibility with the base material, the desired properties of the final product, and cost considerations. Fillers are typically inert, but some can chemically interact with the matrix material to provide specific benefits. The particle size, shape, and surface treatment of the filler are critical factors influencing its performance.