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A tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is a technology designed to monitor and alert drivers to low tyre pressure, which is crucial for vehicle safety and fuel efficiency. TPMS can be classified into two main types: direct and indirect systems.

Direct TPMS uses sensors mounted directly on each tyre to measure pressure. These sensors transmit data to a control unit in the vehicle, which then alerts the driver if any tyre is underinflated. This system is more accurate and reliable but can be more expensive due to the need for individual sensors on each tyre.

Indirect TPMS, on the other hand, uses sensors that are part of the wheel assembly or the vehicle's suspension system. These sensors detect changes in the vehicle's motion that indicate low tyre pressure. While indirect systems are generally less expensive, they may not be as accurate as direct systems and can sometimes produce false alarms.

TPMS can be integrated into new vehicles or retrofitted to older models. It is particularly important for vehicles with larger tyres, as these are more susceptible to pressure loss. Regular monitoring and maintenance of tyre pressure can help prevent punctures, improve handling, and extend the lifespan of tyres. Additionally, maintaining proper tyre pressure can enhance fuel efficiency, as underinflated tyres require more energy to roll.

In summary, tyre pressure monitoring systems are essential for ensuring vehicle safety and optimizing performance. Whether through direct or indirect methods, TPMS provides valuable information to drivers, helping them to address potential issues before they become serious problems.