turjimas

Turjimas is the process of converting text or spoken content from one language to another, with the goal of preserving meaning, style, tone, and cultural context. It encompasses written translation, interpretation, localization, and other forms of cross-language communication, and it may involve human effort, machine assistance, or a combination of both.

Etymology and usage: In Turkic-language contexts, turjimas is a cognate of words such as terjim, tarjima, or tarjima, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage. The exact spelling and usage vary by language and orthography, and some languages use different terms for translation altogether. The concept, however, denotes the same cross-language transfer of content.

Types and practice: Written translation reproduces content in text; interpretation conveys meaning orally, either simultaneously or consecutively. Localization adapts content for a target locale, including cultural and regulatory adjustments. Modern practice often combines human expertise with machine translation, followed by post-editing and quality assurance. Common domains include literature, technology, law, and business.

Standards and impact: Professional turjimas relies on accuracy, fidelity, and appropriate register. Translators use glossaries, translation memories, and style guides to ensure consistency. Translation enables international communication, accessibility, and cross-cultural exchange across fields and communities.

See also: translation, interpretation, localization, machine translation, translation studies.