tuberkulozës

Tuberkuloza, commonly known as TB, is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most often affects the lungs, but can also damage other parts of the body. Symptoms include a chronic cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. TB is spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Most people who are infected with TB bacteria do not become sick and have what is called latent TB infection. They have no symptoms and cannot spread the disease. However, if their immune system weakens, the bacteria can become active and cause illness. Without treatment, TB disease can be fatal.

Diagnosis typically involves a chest X-ray, a sputum test, and a skin test. Treatment involves a course of antibiotics, usually for six to nine months. It is crucial to complete the entire course of medication to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and to prevent the development of drug-resistant TB.

Prevention strategies include vaccination with the BCG vaccine, although its effectiveness varies. Improving living conditions, good nutrition, and prompt diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals are also vital in controlling the spread of TB. Public health efforts focus on screening high-risk populations and ensuring access to affordable treatment.