tsiviilõiguslik

Tsiviilõiguslik is an Estonian term meaning related to civil law, i.e., private law. It is used to describe concepts, relationships or procedures that fall under the civil, rather than public, branch of law. The term helps distinguish private-law topics from areas such as criminal, administrative or constitutional law.

Civil law in Estonia covers the regulation of private rights and obligations between individuals and legal entities. Typical areas include contracts and obligations, property and ownership, family and inheritance, and civil liability for breaches of private duties. In legal texts, expressions like tsiviilõiguslik vastutus (civil liability) or tsiviilõiguslikud suhted (private-law relationships) are used to categorize issues within this sphere.

The term also appears in academic and professional discourse to describe approaches, methods or viewpoints grounded in private law. For example, a tsiviilõiguslik käsitlus) refers to a private-law perspective on a given legal question, as opposed to a public-law approach.

In practice, Estonian law distinguishes between tsiviilõiguslik matters and areas governed by other branches of law, such as haldusõigus (administrative law) or kriminaalõigus (criminal law). The Civil Code (tsiviilseadustik) and related private-law instruments provide the normative framework for these matters. It is worth noting that while the term tsiviilõiguslik is used in legal contexts, the phrasing does not usually refer to a person as a “tsiviilõiguslik isik”; instead, natural persons (füüsiline isik) and legal persons (juriidiline isik) are the standard labels within civil law.