trichloroethene

Trichloroethene, also known as trichloroethylene (TCE), is a chlorinated hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C2HCl3. It is a colorless, dense, volatile liquid at room temperature, with a sweet odor. It boils at about 87.2°C and its vapors are heavier than air. It is sparingly soluble in water and readily soluble in many organic solvents. TCE is produced industrially as a solvent and as an intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals.

Historic uses and production: TCE has long been used as a versatile solvent for degreasing metal parts, as a cleaning solvent, and as an intermediate in chemical syntheses, including the manufacture of other chlorinated compounds. Its use has declined in many regions due to safety, health, and environmental concerns, with substitutions such as perchloroethylene and other solvents increasingly favored. It is subject to regulatory controls governing its production, release, and use.

Environmental and health aspects: TCE is a volatile organic compound that can be released to air, soil, and groundwater. In the environment, it can degrade to products such as dichloroethylenes and vinyl chloride, the latter being a known carcinogen. In humans, inhalation or ingestion can affect the nervous system, liver, and kidneys, and long-term exposure has been linked with cancer and other health effects. Regulatory agencies classify TCE as a hazardous substance and regulate its emissions, handling, and cleanup.

Safety and regulation: Handling requires adequate ventilation and measures to minimize exposure; vapors can be toxic and contaminate air and water if released. Many jurisdictions regulate industrial emissions, workplace exposure, and contaminated sites, and remediation of affected soils and groundwater is often pursued.

See also: chlorinated hydrocarbons, solvents, dry cleaning.