transzposíció

Transzpozíció is a term used in genetics to describe the movement of a transposable element, or "jumping gene," from one location in the genome to another. These mobile genetic elements can be found in the DNA of almost all organisms, from bacteria to humans. Transposable elements are segments of DNA that have the ability to change their position within a genome. This movement can occur in two main ways: by a "cut and paste" mechanism or by a "copy and paste" mechanism.

In the cut and paste mechanism, the transposable element is excised from its original location and inserted into a new one. In the copy and paste mechanism, a new copy of the transposable element is created and inserted into a new location, while the original copy remains in place. The consequences of transpozíció can vary. It can lead to mutations by disrupting genes, altering gene regulation, or creating new gene functions. In some cases, transpozíció can be neutral, having no observable effect on the organism. However, it is a significant source of genetic variation and has played a role in the evolution of genomes over time. The study of transpozíció is important for understanding genome stability, gene function, and evolutionary processes.