transzformátortapváltók

A transzformátor, commonly known as a transformer, is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. Transformers are essential components in AC (alternating current) power systems and are used to increase or decrease voltage levels. They consist primarily of two or more coils of wire, called windings, wound around a common ferromagnetic core. The winding connected to the AC power source is called the primary winding, and the winding connected to the load is called the secondary winding.

The principle of operation of a transformer relies on Faraday's law of induction. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it creates a fluctuating magnetic flux in the core. This changing magnetic flux then induces an electromotive force (EMF), or voltage, in the secondary winding. The ratio of the voltages in the primary and secondary windings is approximately equal to the ratio of the number of turns in those windings. If the secondary winding has more turns than the primary, it is a step-up transformer, increasing the voltage. Conversely, if it has fewer turns, it is a step-down transformer, decreasing the voltage.

Transformers are vital for efficient long-distance power transmission, as stepping up the voltage reduces current, thereby minimizing resistive losses in the transmission lines. They are also used in a wide range of electronic devices, from power supplies for computers and televisions to audio equipment and electric welding machines. Despite their importance, transformers do not introduce or remove energy; they only transfer it, and in an ideal transformer, this transfer is nearly lossless. However, real-world transformers experience some energy losses due to factors like resistance in the windings, hysteresis in the core, and eddy currents.