translesionisynteesi

Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a DNA repair mechanism that allows DNA polymerases to bypass damaged DNA templates during replication. This process is crucial for maintaining genome integrity and preventing the accumulation of mutations. TLS is particularly important in situations where the DNA is damaged beyond the capacity of standard DNA repair mechanisms, such as during replication stress, UV irradiation, or exposure to certain chemicals.

TLS involves the use of specialized DNA polymerases, known as translesion polymerases (TLP), which have relaxed substrate specificity compared to the standard DNA polymerases. These TLPs can insert nucleotides opposite a variety of DNA lesions, including those caused by UV light, alkylating agents, and oxidative damage. The TLS pathway is regulated by a complex interplay of proteins that facilitate the recruitment of TLPs to the damaged DNA and ensure the fidelity of the bypass process.

The TLS pathway is not without its risks. Because TLPs have relaxed substrate specificity, they can introduce errors into the DNA sequence, leading to mutations. These mutations can have significant biological consequences, including the development of cancer. Therefore, the TLS pathway must be tightly regulated to balance the need for DNA repair with the need to maintain genetic stability.

Research on TLS has provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair and the factors that influence genetic stability. Understanding TLS is essential for developing strategies to mitigate the risks associated with DNA damage and to improve the efficacy of cancer therapies.