transformförkastning

Transformförkastning is a geological term referring to a type of fault where the movement along the fault plane is primarily horizontal. This means that the rock masses on either side of the fault slide past each other sideways, rather than moving up or down relative to each other. Transform faults are a critical component of the theory of plate tectonics, as they connect other types of plate boundaries, such as divergent and convergent boundaries.

These faults are characterized by significant earthquakes, as the friction between the moving plates can build up considerable stress that is then released abruptly. The San Andreas Fault in California is a well-known example of a transform fault, marking the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. Other examples include the Dead Sea Transform and the Alpine Fault in New Zealand.

Transform faults often occur in oceanic settings, where they can be seen as fracture zones that offset segments of mid-ocean ridges. These fracture zones are generally inactive seismically, with the active transform fault being the portion between the ridge segments. Understanding transform faults is essential for comprehending the dynamics of Earth's lithosphere and the distribution of seismic activity around the globe.