transformátor
Transformátor, or transformer, is an electrical device that transfers alternating-current energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction. It typically comprises one or more windings—primary and secondary—wound around a common magnetic core. The device relies on a changing magnetic flux produced by alternating current in the primary to induce a voltage in the secondary.
In operation, an ideal transformer maintains a voltage ratio equal to the turns ratio: Vp/Vs = Np/Ns,
Construction and design vary. The core is commonly laminated steel to reduce eddy currents; windings are copper
Applications and types. Step-up transformers increase voltage for long-distance transmission, while step-down units reduce voltage for
Performance and safety. High efficiency, commonly 95%–99%, depends on design and load. Core losses and winding