transaminázok

Transaminázok, also known as aminotransferases, are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another. This process is called transamination. They are crucial in amino acid metabolism, playing a key role in the synthesis and degradation of amino acids. In the human body, transaminases are found in various tissues, with particularly high concentrations in the liver, heart, muscles, and kidneys.

The general reaction catalyzed by transaminases involves an alpha-amino acid and an alpha-keto acid. The amino group is transferred from the amino acid to the keto acid, resulting in the formation of a new amino acid and a new keto acid. This reaction is reversible and requires pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), a derivative of vitamin B6, as a coenzyme.

Several important transaminases are commonly measured in clinical diagnostics. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), also known as SGOT, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), also known as SGPT, are particularly significant. Elevated levels of these enzymes in the blood can indicate damage to the organs where they are found. For example, high ALT levels often suggest liver damage, while high AST levels can point to liver, heart, or muscle injury. Other transaminases like gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are also used in liver function tests. Their measurement helps in diagnosing and monitoring various diseases.