tormenta

Tormenta is the Spanish term for a storm or violent weather event. It covers a range from ordinary rainstorms to organized atmospheric systems such as tropical cyclones. In meteorology, tormenta eléctrica refers to a thunderstorm, a convective storm driven by rising warm air that can produce lightning, heavy rain, gusty winds, hail, and occasionally tornadoes. A tormenta tropical denotes a tropical cyclone in its early stage, with a defined low-pressure center and sustained winds that may intensify to hurricane strength; in different basins it may be called a hurricane, typhoon, or simply a tropical cyclone depending on its location and intensity.

Formation and progression: Thunderstorms arise from atmospheric instability and moisture; tropical cyclones require warm sea surface temperatures, low vertical wind shear, and sufficient moisture to develop an organized circulation. Tropical cyclones typically show a circular wind field and, at higher intensities, an eye and eyewall.

Impacts and forecasting: Storms can produce heavy rainfall, leading to flooding and landslides; strong winds can damage structures, power lines, and vegetation; storm surges threaten coastal zones. Forecasting relies on weather radars, satellites, weather models, and on warnings issued by meteorological agencies and emergency services. Preparedness includes evacuation plans, securing property, and adhering to advisories.

Etymology and usage: The term tormenta derives from Spanish; related terms include tempestad (storm) and huracán. In Spanish-speaking regions the word is widely used across contexts, from weather reports to literature and media.