toisiensa

Toisiensa is a term that appears in discussions of Finnish grammar to denote a possession construction involving multiple other parties rather than the speaker or a single addressee. It is not a common everyday word, but rather a linguistic form encountered in descriptive grammars, academic articles, and some literary contexts that analyze how possession and agency can be attributed to groups.

The form is linked to the broader Finnish system of marking possession and reference by person and number. It is typically described as a specialized variant used when the possessor is a group other than the primary discourse participants. In practice, toisiensa functions as part of a noun phrase that signals that the owned item belongs to “the others,” and its exact interpretation depends on the surrounding syntactic and semantic context.

Usage of toisiensa is relatively rare in contemporary conversation and is more often encountered in linguistic analysis, theoretical writing, or stylized prose. When it does appear in everyday Finnish-like registers, speakers usually opt for periphrastic or broader constructions such as phrases meaning “the opinions of others” or “the others’ own X,” rather than relying on a single fixed form. This reflects the general tendency in Finnish to prefer clearer, less ambiguous expressions for multi-agent possession in casual speech.

Translation of toisiensa depends on context and can range from “the others’ own” to more specific renderings like “the others’ X,” where X is the possessed item. In scholarly usage, it serves to foreground collective ownership by a group outside the primary discourse participants.