toiminut

Toiminut is the Finnish past participle of the verb toimia, meaning to act, function, or operate. It is used to indicate that something has already acted or functioned, most commonly with the auxiliary olla to form perfect tenses, or as a non-finite form describing past operation.

Etymology and form: It is formed from the verb stem toimi- with the participial suffix -nut, yielding toiminut. The participle is non-finite; its temporal reference comes from the auxiliary verb. Examples: "Järjestelmä on toiminut moitteettomasti" (The system has functioned faultlessly); "Yritys on toiminut yli kymmenen vuotta" (The company has operated for over ten years).

Usage notes: In Finnish, past participles used in this way do not indicate a specific moment on their own; time is expressed via the auxiliary. The word is most natural in technical, business, or formal contexts when describing systems, processes, or organizations that have operated or functioned. It differs from toimiva (functional/operational) and from toiminta (activity). It can be translated as "operated," "functioned," or "acted," depending on context.

Translations: Common equivalents include operated, functioned, acted, depending on context.

Related terms: toimia, toiminta, toimiva.