toimepõhjuse
Toimepõhjuse is a Estonian term referring to the causal basis or causal factor of a phenomenon. It designates the underlying reason that explains why something happened and connects a specific antecedent to a particular outcome. The concept is used across fields such as law, philosophy, medicine and the social sciences to distinguish genuine causal mechanisms from mere correlations. The word combines toime (effect or outcome) and põhjus (cause); the usual genitive form is toimepõhjuse, as in phrases like "toimepõhjuse kindlaks tegemine" (identification of the causal basis) or "toimepõhjuse seos" (the causal link).
In legal contexts, analysis of the toimepõhjuse is used to establish causation and determine liability, evaluating
Limitations: multiple factors may contribute to an outcome, and a single toimepõhjuse can be difficult to identify;