tineaihinfektioita

Tineaihinfektioita, commonly known as fungal nail infections, are caused by various types of fungi that invade the nail plate, nail bed, and nail matrix. These infections are widespread and can affect fingernails and toenails, though they are more prevalent in toenails due to the environment they often inhabit.

The most common culprits are dermatophytes, but yeasts and non-dermatophyte molds can also be responsible. Risk factors include a history of athlete's foot, excessive sweating, wearing tight shoes, walking barefoot in damp communal areas like swimming pools or locker rooms, and having a weakened immune system. Age can also be a factor, as nails become more brittle and prone to infection as people get older.

Symptoms typically include thickening of the nail, discoloration (often yellow, brown, or white), brittleness, crumbling, distorted shape, and sometimes a foul odor. The infection may start at the tip of the nail and spread towards the cuticle, or vice versa. While often not painful in the early stages, advanced infections can cause discomfort and pain, especially when walking or wearing shoes.

Diagnosis is usually made through a visual examination, but laboratory confirmation by microscopic examination or fungal culture of nail clippings is often performed to identify the specific fungus and guide treatment. Treatment options vary depending on the severity and type of infection, and may include topical antifungal medications, oral antifungal medications, or in severe cases, nail removal. Prevention strategies focus on maintaining good foot hygiene, keeping nails dry and trimmed, and avoiding shared nail clippers or files.