tilnæring

Tilnæring is a term used in Norwegian, Danish and related languages to denote nourishment or nutrition. It covers the intake, digestion, absorption, and utilization of nutrients necessary for growth, health, and metabolic function. Tilnæring applies to humans and, in agricultural or veterinary contexts, to feeding animals. It includes energy and nutrient requirements, the quality and diversity of foods, and how diet influences well-being.

Key components are macronutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—which supply energy and building blocks, and micronutrients—vitamins and minerals—for metabolism and physiology. Adequate hydration and fiber are also part of tilnæring, as is dietary pattern and mealtime regularity. Energy balance is central: intake should meet expenditure to maintain, gain, or lose weight as appropriate. Individual needs depend on age, sex, health status, activity, pregnancy, and special conditions.

Assessment and planning involve nutritional screening, dietary assessment, anthropometrics, and laboratory markers, followed by tailored recommendations. In clinical settings, tilnæring may include oral nutrition, fortified foods, or specialized interventions such as enteral nutrition (tube feeding) and parenteral nutrition (intravenous feeding) when the gut cannot be used.

In addition to health care, tilnæring encompasses public health, food policy, and sustainability considerations. Malnutrition, obesity, and nutrient deficiencies are key concerns, addressed by guidelines from health authorities and professional bodies. Cultural preferences, accessibility, and safety influence dietary choices and implementation.