tickbite

Tickbite refers to the bite from a tick, a small parasitic arachnid that feeds on host blood. Ticks are found worldwide, especially in wooded or grassy areas. Most bites cause only a local skin reaction, but some can transmit pathogens that cause illness.

Symptoms vary. Local reactions may include a red bump, itching, or swelling at the bite site. Some people notice no symptoms initially. If infected, systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache, or muscle and joint pain may appear days to weeks later. Certain diseases have characteristic signs, such as the expanding rash of Lyme disease or fever and headache with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Others may cause flu-like illness or more serious complications.

Transmission and risk. Not all tick bites lead to disease. The risk depends on tick species, geographic region, and how long the tick was attached. Many pathogens require the tick to be attached for 24–48 hours or longer, but some can be transmitted sooner. Prompt tick removal reduces risk.

Diagnosis and treatment. If a tick is attached, remove it promptly with fine-tipped tweezers, grasping the tick close to the skin and pulling upward steadily. Do not crush the body or apply ointments to the tick. After removal, clean the area with soap and water. Seek medical advice if you develop fever, rash, severe headache, stiff neck, or other concerning symptoms, or if you are in an area with known tick-borne disease. A clinician may base diagnosis on exposure and symptoms and may prescribe antibiotics when appropriate.

Prevention. Use insect repellent containing DEET, treat clothing with permethrin, perform thorough tick checks after outdoor activities, and shower soon after being outdoors. Keep grass short, remove leaf litter, and protect pets with veterinarian-approved tick prevention.