thípi

Thípi is a term used in some South Asian languages, notably Sinhala, to refer to a stupa, a dome-shaped Buddhist reliquary monument that serves as a focus of veneration. The word is derived from Sanskrit sthūpa and Pali thūpa, and is cognate with the broader term “stupa” used across Buddhist traditions. A thípi is typically a mound-like structure that houses sacred relics, inscriptions, or sacred objects and functions as a place for devotional practice and pilgrimage.

Architecturally, a thípi usually comprises a square or circular base supporting a hemispherical or bell-shaped dome (andā), a harmika (a small platform or railing) near the top, and a slender spire or shaft often crowned with an umbrella (chatra). The exterior may be plain or richly decorated with carvings, frescoes, or inlay. Stupas are commonly surrounded by a path for circumambulation, a ritual movement wherein worshippers walk around the monument in a clockwise direction, reflecting contemplation of the Buddha’s teachings.

Variations of the thípi occur across regions. In Sri Lanka, large stupas are often referred to as dagobas. In mainland Southeast Asia and Tibet, related forms are known as chedi or chorten, while in East Asia they frequently appear as pagoda-inspired structures. Although designs vary, the essential purpose remains: to enshrine sacred relics or symbols and to serve as a stable focal point for meditation, ritual, and community remembrance of the Buddha’s life and teaching. The thípi remains a central element of Buddhist architecture and pilgrimage sites in many countries.