thoraxvägg

The thoraxvägg, or thoracic wall, is the bony and muscular enclosure of the thoracic cavity. It protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs and plays a crucial role in respiration. The primary components of the thoraxvägg are the ribs, the sternum (breastbone), and the thoracic vertebrae. Together, these form a cage-like structure.

The ribs are curved bones that originate from the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly and curve around towards the front of the body. Most ribs articulate with the sternum directly or indirectly. The sternum is a flat, elongated bone located in the midline of the anterior chest. The thoracic vertebrae form the posterior aspect of the thoraxvägg, to which the ribs are attached.

Intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and are essential for breathing. When these muscles contract, they lift the ribs and expand the thoracic cavity, allowing for inhalation. Relaxation of these muscles, along with the action of the diaphragm, facilitates exhalation. The thoraxvägg also includes other muscles like the pectoralis muscles, which contribute to upper body movement.

The thoraxvägg is lined internally by the pleura, a serous membrane that covers the lungs and the inner surface of the thoracic wall. This lining reduces friction during breathing. Conditions affecting the thoraxvägg can range from fractures of the ribs to muscular strains and conditions impacting respiratory mechanics. Its integrity is vital for both protection and the fundamental process of respiration.