thoracentéza

Thoracentesis is a medical procedure used to remove excess fluid or air from the space between the lungs and the chest wall, known as the pleural space. This space is normally filled with a small amount of lubricating fluid. When fluid or air accumulates abnormally, it can press on the lungs, making breathing difficult.

The procedure typically involves a healthcare professional inserting a needle or a small catheter into the chest wall and into the pleural space. Ultrasound guidance is often used to ensure accurate placement of the needle and to minimize the risk of complications. Once the needle is in place, fluid or air is slowly withdrawn using a syringe or a vacuum bottle.

Thoracentesis can be performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Diagnostically, the removed fluid can be sent to a laboratory for analysis to determine the cause of its accumulation. This can help identify conditions such as infections, inflammation, heart failure, or cancer. Therapeutically, the procedure aims to relieve symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain caused by the excess fluid or air.

Potential risks associated with thoracentesis are generally low but can include bleeding, infection, pneumothorax (a collapsed lung), or pain at the insertion site. Most patients tolerate the procedure well, and it is often performed on an outpatient basis. The amount of fluid or air removed depends on the individual's condition and the purpose of the procedure. Recovery is usually quick, with most patients experiencing immediate relief from their respiratory symptoms.