thiaminepyrofosfaat

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), known in some contexts as "thiaminepyrofosfaat," is the active coenzyme form of thiamine (vitamin B1). It plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism and energy production within living organisms. TPP is synthesized in the body from thiamine through enzymatic phosphorylation, primarily in the liver.

Structurally, thiamine pyrophosphate consists of a thiamine molecule linked to two phosphate groups, forming a pyrophosphate. This configuration enables it to serve as a coenzyme for several essential enzymes in metabolic pathways. Notably, TPP is a crucial cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase enzymes, which facilitate the decarboxylation of keto acids and the transfer of two-carbon units.

In biological systems, TPP’s primary function is to assist in the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids, linking glycolysis and the citric acid cycle—key processes for cellular energy generation. It also contributes to the pentose phosphate pathway, important for nucleotide synthesis and redox balance.

Deficiency of thiamine, and consequently TPP, can lead to metabolic disorders such as beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, reflecting its importance in neural and muscular function. Sources of thiamine include whole grains, legumes, meat, and fortified foods.

Overall, thiamine pyrophosphate is an essential coenzyme that underpins vital metabolic reactions, supporting energy production and cellular function in humans and other organisms.