tetanusz

Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system. It is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is found in soil, dust, and animal feces. The bacteria can enter the body through breaks in the skin, such as cuts, puncture wounds, or burns.

Once inside the body, Clostridium tetani produces a powerful toxin that interferes with nerve signals to muscles. This leads to muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the jaw and neck, which is how the disease got its name "lockjaw." Other symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, abdominal cramping, and involuntary muscle contractions. In severe cases, tetanus can cause breathing problems and can be fatal.

Tetanus is preventable through vaccination. The tetanus vaccine is typically given as part of a series of shots, starting in childhood. Booster shots are recommended every 10 years to maintain immunity. Prompt cleaning and care of wounds, especially those contaminated with soil or dirt, can also help prevent infection. While tetanus is rare in developed countries due to widespread vaccination, it remains a significant public health concern in many parts of the world. Treatment for tetanus involves administering tetanus antitoxin to neutralize the toxin, along with antibiotics to kill the bacteria and supportive care to manage symptoms.