tertiärklorider

Tertiary chlorides are a class of chemical compounds where a chlorine atom is bonded to a tertiary carbon atom. A tertiary carbon atom is one that is bonded to three other carbon atoms. This structural feature influences the reactivity and properties of tertiary chlorides. They are generally more reactive than primary or secondary chlorides due to the electron-donating effect of the three alkyl groups attached to the carbon bearing the chlorine. This makes the carbon-chlorine bond more polar and the carbon atom more susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

Tertiary chlorides are commonly synthesized through various methods, including the reaction of tertiary alcohols with reagents like thionyl chloride or phosphorus trichloride. They can also be formed via the addition of hydrogen chloride to alkenes under specific conditions. In terms of reactions, tertiary chlorides readily undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, particularly SN1 reactions, which involve the formation of a carbocation intermediate. They are also prone to elimination reactions to form alkenes. The stability of the tertiary carbocation intermediate drives these reaction pathways. Examples of tertiary chlorides include tert-butyl chloride. Their characteristic reactivity makes them useful intermediates in organic synthesis for the introduction of various functional groups.