termékenyülés

Termékenyülés, also known as fertilization, is the biological process by which a male gamete fuses with a female gamete to form a new organism. In sexual reproduction, this fusion results in the creation of a zygote, which is the first cell of a new individual. The male gamete, commonly called sperm, carries genetic material from the father, while the female gamete, or ovum (egg cell), carries genetic material from the mother.

The process of fertilization can occur externally, as in many aquatic species, or internally, as in most terrestrial animals and humans. External fertilization typically involves the release of gametes into the environment, where they meet and fuse. Internal fertilization occurs when sperm are deposited directly into the female reproductive tract, increasing the chances of successful fusion.

Upon fusion, the chromosomes from both gametes combine, restoring the diploid number of chromosomes characteristic of the species. This combination of genetic material from two parents is fundamental to sexual reproduction, leading to offspring that are genetically distinct from either parent. This genetic diversity plays a crucial role in the adaptation and evolution of species. The development of the zygote into a complete organism involves a series of cell divisions and differentiations, guided by the genetic blueprint established during fertilization.