termoobiegu

Termoobiegu is a term used in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics to describe the circulation of a fluid driven by temperature-induced density differences, producing convective flow in a closed loop. In English, it is often referred to as thermal convection or thermally driven circulation, and it encompasses both natural convection and engineered loops designed to move heat.

Its mechanism relies on heating a portion of the fluid, which lowers its density and makes it buoyant, causing it to rise. Cooler, denser fluid then sinks to replace it, creating a continuous circulation. In closed systems, this buoyancy-driven flow can transfer heat without external pumps.

Two main forms exist: natural termoobiegu, where circulation occurs solely due to buoyancy, and forced termoobiegu, where pumps or fans are used to enhance flow. The strength and pattern of circulation depend on the temperature difference, gravity, system geometry, orientation, and fluid properties such as thermal expansion, viscosity, and heat capacity. The Rayleigh and Grashof numbers are commonly used to describe natural convection regimes, while the Prandtl number is also relevant.

Applications span heating and cooling systems, solar thermal collectors, nuclear reactor cooling circuits, heat exchangers, electronic cooling, and geothermal loops. Understanding termoobiegu is essential in designing energy-efficient thermal management and safety systems, as it determines how effectively heat can be redistributed in a given geometry.

See also: convection; convective heat transfer; thermal hydraulics; fluid dynamics.