teodolitt

A theodolite is a precision optical instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. It is a fundamental tool in surveying, engineering, and navigation. The basic components of a theodolite include a telescope mounted on a horizontal axis that can rotate 360 degrees, and a vertical circle that allows for angle measurements in the vertical plane. The instrument is typically mounted on a tripod to ensure stability.

Modern theodolites often incorporate electronic components, allowing for digital readout of angles. These electronic theodolites, also known as digital theodolites, display the measured angles on an LCD screen, simplifying the recording process. Older, analog theodolites require the user to read angles from graduated circles or scales. The accuracy of a theodolite is usually specified by its smallest reading, often in seconds of arc.

The use of a theodolite involves setting it up over a point, leveling it precisely, and then sighting specific points to take angle measurements. These measurements are crucial for establishing property boundaries, constructing buildings and infrastructure, mapping terrain, and determining positions. The precision of the instrument and the skill of the operator are vital for obtaining reliable results. Theodolites have been instrumental in the development of cartography and civil engineering for centuries.