tengsizligini

Tengsizligini refers to the state or quality of being unequal, describing situations in which individuals or groups do not have equal access to resources, rights, or opportunities. In political and social discourse, it is used to discuss disparities across income, wealth, education, health, gender, ethnicity, and geography. The term is built from the Uzbek root teng (equal) with negative and nominalizing affixes; tengsizligini denotes the abstract quality of inequality and is used in statements about the existence or degree of inequality.

Measuring tengsizligini involves statistical indicators such as the Gini coefficient, income or wealth shares by quintile, poverty rates, and human development indicators. These measures help compare across countries or over time, though they have limitations, including sensitivity to data quality and definitions of what counts as income or resources.

Contexts and policy: Discussions of tengsizligini often focus on causes such as market-based income dispersion, differences in education and health, geographic development gaps, inheritance and property rights, discrimination, and globalization. Policy responses aim to reduce inequality through progressive taxation, social protection, universal services (health, education), inclusive growth strategies, and targeted programs for marginalized groups. Debates continue about the best balance between growth and equal opportunity, the role of government, and the design of interventions that improve equity without unduly limiting efficiency.

In summary, tengsizligini is a central concept in economics and social policy, used to describe and analyze how unequal distributions affect societal outcomes and individual wellbeing.