tengelyferdülést

Tengelyferdülés, also known as axial tilt or obliquity, refers to the angle between an astronomical body's rotational axis and its orbital axis. In simpler terms, it's the degree to which a planet or moon is tilted on its side as it orbits its star or primary body. For Earth, this tilt is approximately 23.5 degrees. This inclination is a fundamental characteristic that significantly influences a celestial body's climate and seasons.

The amount of tengelyferdülés determines the variation in solar insolation received by different parts of the body throughout its orbit. When a hemisphere is tilted towards its star, it experiences more direct sunlight and warmer temperatures, leading to summer. Conversely, when it's tilted away, it receives less direct sunlight, resulting in colder temperatures and winter. Without this tilt, a planet would experience uniform temperatures year-round, with no distinct seasons.

Changes in tengelyferdülés over long geological timescales can also lead to significant climatic shifts. These variations are driven by gravitational interactions with other celestial bodies, particularly large moons or other planets. While the Earth's tilt has remained relatively stable over human history, it has undergone gradual changes over millennia, contributing to long-term climate cycles such as ice ages. Understanding tengelyferdülés is crucial for comprehending the dynamics of planetary climates and their evolution.