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Taxonomy refers to the scientific classification of organisms based on shared characteristics. It is a hierarchical system used to organize and categorize living things into groups, from broad categories like kingdoms and phyla down to more specific levels such as species. This system helps scientists understand the relationships between different organisms and their evolutionary history.

The current system of taxonomy largely follows the Linnaean system, named after its originator Carl Linnaeus. This system uses binomial nomenclature, a two-part scientific name for each species, consisting of the genus and the specific epithet. For example, humans are classified as Homo sapiens. The hierarchical ranks in Linnaean taxonomy are typically domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, with each level encompassing the one below it.

Modern taxonomy integrates genetic and molecular data alongside morphological and physiological traits to refine classifications. This approach allows for a more accurate representation of evolutionary relationships, often leading to revisions of existing taxonomic structures. The goal of taxonomy is to provide a universal language and framework for studying biodiversity, facilitating communication and research across different scientific disciplines. It is a dynamic field, constantly evolving as new discoveries are made.