tamboura

The tamboura is a long-necked lute, originating from the Indian subcontinent, that is used to accompany classical, folk, and devotional music. It is characterized by its drone strings, which provide a continuous harmonic background. The tamboura typically has four to six strings, though variations exist. Its body is often made of wood, and the neck is fretless, allowing for microtonal adjustments essential in Indian music.

The primary function of the tamboura is to produce a resonant drone, usually tuned to the tonic and dominant notes of the raga being performed. This drone creates a sonic foundation upon which the melody is built. Unlike instruments that play distinct melodic lines, the tamboura is exclusively a drone instrument. Its sound is rich and sustained, contributing significantly to the contemplative and immersive quality of Indian music.

The tamboura is played by plucking the strings in a rhythmic pattern. The player's fingers brush across the strings, creating a shimmering, undulating sound. It is a central instrument in Hindustani classical music and is also found in various forms across South Asia, including in Sufi qawwali and devotional singing. While not a solo instrument, its presence is considered indispensable for establishing the tonal center and mood of a musical performance.