tütün

Tütün is the Turkish word for tobacco, referring to the leaves of Nicotiana plants that are processed for use in various tobacco products. The most widely cultivated species for commercial tobacco is Nicotiana tabacum, though Nicotiana rustica is grown in some regions for higher nicotine content. Leaves are harvested and cured through methods such as air curing, sun curing, flue curing, or fire curing to develop flavor, aroma, and moisture content. After curing, leaves are aged and blended to produce tobaccos used in cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, and snuff.

Cultivation and processing vary by region but share common requirements: warm climates, frost-free growing seasons, and well-drained soils. Global tobacco production is concentrated in a few large countries, including China, India, Brazil, and the United States, with significant activity also in Indonesia and other regions. Local varieties and curing styles influence flavor, strength, and nicotine content.

Uses and products: The most common forms are manufactured cigarettes and cigars, with pipe tobacco and roll-your-own blends as alternatives. Smokeless forms, such as chewing tobacco and snuff, also exist in various markets. Nicotine is the primary psychoactive and addictive component in tobacco products.

Health effects and regulation: Tobacco use is associated with significant health risks, including cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Secondhand smoke can affect bystanders. Many countries regulate tobacco through age restrictions, advertising bans, packaging warnings, taxes, and smoke-free laws.

History and economy: Tobacco reached Europe from the Americas in the 15th–16th centuries and became a major agricultural and commercial crop in many regions. Its production and trade have deeply influenced economies, labor practices, and regulatory frameworks worldwide.