töltéshordozókban

Töltéshordozókban, often translated as "charge carriers," refers to the mobile particles within a material that are responsible for the flow of electric current. In most conductors, particularly metals, these charge carriers are electrons. These electrons are not bound to individual atoms but are free to move throughout the metallic lattice. When an electric potential difference is applied across the conductor, these free electrons are driven to move in a particular direction, creating an electric current.

However, in other types of materials, the charge carriers can be different. In semiconductors, both electrons and "holes" act as charge carriers. A hole can be thought of as the absence of an electron in a normally occupied electron state, and it behaves as if it has a positive charge. The movement of these holes contributes to the overall conductivity of the semiconductor. In electrolytes, such as ionic solutions or molten salts, the charge carriers are ions, which are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons and thus carry a net electric charge. Positive ions move in the direction of the electric field, while negative ions move in the opposite direction. The nature of the charge carriers is a fundamental property that dictates a material's electrical behavior and its suitability for various electronic and electrical applications. Understanding the types and behavior of charge carriers is essential for comprehending phenomena like electrical conductivity, resistance, and semiconductor device operation.