târguri

Târguri are marketplaces that operate in Romanian-speaking regions, encompassing periodic fairs as well as permanent market sites. They typically host stalls and tents where traders sell agricultural produce, livestock, crafts, textiles, household goods, and prepared foods. While many markets are held weekly or monthly, some are annual fairs with historical or cultural significance. In everyday language, târgurile can refer to both the event and the place where it takes place, often near a town center or along a main thoroughfare.

Etymology and origins: The term târg originates from the Turkish word targ or tar/k, reflecting historical trade connections across the region. From medieval times onward, târguri were granted market rights by local rulers, enabling towns to regulate trade, set up legal and administrative procedures, and collect tolls. These rights contributed to the economic and urban development of market towns, shaping their growth and status.

Historical role: In the Middle Ages and early modern period, târguri served as important nodes in regional and interregional commerce. They facilitated the exchange of food, livestock, crafts, and news, and often coincided with social, religious, and cultural events. Guilds and town authorities oversaw market organization, quality control, and dispute resolution, helping to standardize trade practices and foster urban life.

Contemporary context: Today, târguri remain a feature of rural and urban life in Romania and Moldova. Many towns host regular markets, while others preserve seasonal fairs that highlight crafts, folklore, and gastronomy. The term is also used for thematic events such as Christmas markets or antique fairs. It is common to distinguish between a târg (the event or fair) and a piață (the permanent market square).